First Aid Protocol For Circulatory Shock

Physiological shock (circulatory shock) is defined as when the arterial blood pressure drops to a point which can not suffice life in full. This is usually as a direct result of extreme internal or external pressure on the body. Shock casualties are commonly found at the scene of an accident or when someone has fallen very ill. The condition is occasionally life threatening, but is often very easily treated by following a simple and effective protocol. 

Perhaps the most common cause of a casualty going into shock is through severe external bleeding. The basic problem in this case is that if you continue to lose large quantities of blood the overall pressure of the circulatory system will be affected. It is like emptying the contents of a water butt and expecting the pressure inside to remain the same.

It also common when a casualty has suffered a spinal, fracture or serious head injury. In these instances the brain is almost protecting your own body. The casualty who is in shock has to lie down. This is the body’s way of stopping you from encountering another accident, and helps further protect the vital organs.

Also look out for shock when dealing with someone who has been poisoned, suffering with severe diarrhoea or a heart attack.

You will need to be able to spot the symptoms of physiological shock, before being able to move on the treatment protocol. Often the skin colour will change to a blue / grey appearance, and the skin may be cold & clammy to touch. The casualty may also feel nauseous and could be complaining of a dry mouth / thirst. It is also worth asking basic questions like (are you alright?). The weak and confused casualty is often slipping into shock.

It is time to quickly move onto the treatment protocol once you know that the casualty is in shock. The first step is to lay the casualty down horizontally (if they aren't already in this position through their injuries). Then find something by which you can elevate their legs, like a briefcase or small stool. This has the effect of pushing the blood in the legs towards the heart (where it is needed most). Finally find something to keep the casualty warm with like a blanket and call for an ambulance.

Hopefully the ambulance will be with you soon, but you can be rest assured that you have done all you can to help with their condition in the mean time. Keep on monitoring their breathing and overall health whilst awaiting the arrival of the emergency services. Don’t forget to use the recovery position if your casualty becomes unconscious.